By now, readers know that rules in real court get warped in fake court.  There’s a special case at MSPB that permits an administrative judge to rule against you just because they don’t like your clothes, your face or the tone of your voice.  Well — that’s not exactly true, but that’s how MSPB interprets it.

The Board has held that to resolve credibility issues, an administrative judge must identify the factual questions in dispute, summarize the evidence on each disputed question, state which version she believes, and explain in detail why she found the chosen version more credible, considering such factors as: (1) the witness’s opportunity and capacity to observe the event or act in question; (2) the witness’s character; (3) any prior inconsistent statement by the witness; (4) a witness’s bias, or lack of bias; (5) the contradiction of the witness’s version of events by other evidence or its consistency with other evidence; (6) the inherent improbability of the witness’s version of events; and (7) the witness’s demeanor. Hillen v. Department of the Army, 35 M.S.P.R. 453, 458 (1987).

Take a note of number (7) the witness’s demeanor.  What exactly does that mean?  As one administrative judge has noted, “Factor seven is the most important in that it gives the judge leeway. Since the full board does not hear the witness, the judge can always base his or her decision on the demeanor of the witness with little fear of reversal.”

Honestly though, Hillen isn’t supposed to be a catch-all agency-friendly way to break the law.  There are only certain situations in which MSPB is to be legitimately invoked.  Notably, it is only for issues of credibility: where documented facts are in question.  Next, it also invokes a number of requirements from the administrative judges.  Specifically:

To resolve credibility issues, an administrative judge must first identify the factual questions in dispute; second, summarize all of the evidence on each disputed question of fact; third, state which version he or she believes; and, fourth, explain in detail why the chosen version was more credible than the other version or versions of the event.

In other words, MSPB may decide it hates your face, but it must present reasons why that causes them to doubt your credibility.  Ultimately, almost none of the MSPB decisions citing Hillen actually identify what it is they are seeking to clarify.  Most are just a good reason for them to practice using their thesaurus.

From one case, the MSPB administrative judge wrote:

Using the Hillen factors, and in consideration of the witness’s demeanor and sincerity, the agency witnesses were credible and straightforward. Their testimony was cogent and had an inner consistency. Their testimony was unrebutted and their fear and disgust of appellant’s conduct was palpable; furthermore they had no reason to fabricate. Appellant by contrast, demonstrated an evasive and duplicitous manner. His testimony lacked forthrightness, was disingenuous and unpersuasive. He demonstrated a selective memory and was prolix and circular in his statement and his response to questions.

Notice how none of us can identify the “factual question in dispute?” If this MSPB administrative judge was taking a SAT vocabulary test, he’d score high. However, because he is supposed to know the law and apply it correctly, he gets an F instead.